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#HOW TO INTRODUCE A QUOTE FROM A TEXTBOOK HOW TO#
The following are examples of how to appropriately paraphrase and summarise to avoid plagiarism:.Page numbers should be given when summarising. Once again, it is necessary to cite the original source.
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Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.
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When paraphrasing, do not add your own opinion or use the original wording.Both paraphrasing and summarising involve putting information from source material into your own words.the use of sic indicates to the reader that this is exactly what the author wrote and that you are not misquoting. For block quotes, however, the passage is reproduced as in the original, including misspelling, such as "reel". Note: Because the original source (Miele, 1999) used quotation marks around the term "placebo effect", this phrase will be given single quotation marks within a short quotation which is marked by double quotation marks. Abdullah, 1984 Fox, 1979) were clearly premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect (276). Furthermore, the behaviours were never exhibited again, even when reel drugs were administered. The "placebo effect", which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner. Miele (1993) found that "the 'placebo effect', which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner" (276). disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner" (Miele 1993, 276), but she did not clarify which behaviors were studied. Use a single quotation mark to indicate previously quoted material within your quotation.Ivermectin - already used extensively in animal health and in eliminating onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, two of the most disfiguring and deleterious human diseases - is now being used commercially for the treatment of strongyloidiasis, mites and scabies.
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For example, Crump (2006, 53) confirms that: Wider applications are increasingly being found for many drugs such as invermectin. Blocks of quoted text should be indented from the left margin only, single spaced and may be one point smaller than the standard font size:.Such blocks of quoted texts usually consist of more than one paragraph or more than 100 words. You may choose to indent a larger block of quoted text.In general, avoid using too many long quotes and remember to introduce or integrate quotations smoothly into the rest of your assignment.must be used to show where the missing information goes:Īs Ballard and Clanchy (1988, 14) have argued, "Learning within the university is a process of gradual socialization into a distinctive culture of knowledge, and … literacy must be seen in terms of the functions to which language is put in that culture". If information is left out, three dots.Larsen (1991, 245) stated that "many of the facts in this case are incorrect". When quoting, the relevant page number(s) must be given: Quotations match a small section of the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author and enclosed within quotation marks.In academic writing, most of your essay or assignment should be phrased in your own words and the overuse of direct quotation should be avoided. These methods are direct quotation from another source, paraphasing or summarising material, and citing the whole of a source document. There are four common methods of referring to a source document in the text of an essay, thesis or assignment.